It is important to recognize that while we have various DNA tests and board-certified exams that can (and should) be done to ensure the health of the breeding population, that breeders need to be literate when it comes to “reading” pedigrees. Many diseases that affect the breed that may be considered a fluke by some people, can be traced back to ancestors that carried a recessive gene or a serious of genes that are expressed 3, 4, 5, or even 10 plus generations later when combined with a bloodline that also carries the trait. A breeder’s ability to understand and “read” a pedigree to assess a dog’s genetic strengths and weaknesses is vital in ensuring the forward success of the breed. Responsible breeders are constantly evaluating data and educating themselves on various bloodlines by utilizing data, health tests, and databases like Bernergarde to support their next breeding decision. There may never be the opportunity to make a perfect decision, but responsible breeders do their part to mitigate the potential risks they can see. 

Physical Health:

There are significant health risks in this breed that contribute to the average lifespan of just less than 8 years. While you may have heard of, or known a Berner who has lived over 10 or into the teen years, it is important to be realistic when deciding to align yourself with this breed. 

Cancer — the dreaded “c” word. This is the most common cause of death amongst all Berners. There are many various forms of cancer that affect the breed. Cancers such as Malignant Histiocytosis and Hemangiosarcoma have large genetic components and are quite prominent. Many other forms of cancer are also prevalent in the breed and are part of the reason for the less than ideal average lifespan. 

Orthopaedics are a concern for any large breed of dog and Berners are no exception. Hip and Elbow dysplasia are common in the breed and reputable breeders will have their breeding candidates evaluated for both Hip and Elbow dysplasia once the reach 2 years of age through the OFA (Orthopaedic Foundation for Animals) or PennHip to ensure they are free of both hip and elbow dysplasia, prior to having their first litter. The OFA has an open database online that you can verify parents of your potential pup has had the tests done and did in fact achieve a passing grade. The results can also be posted in the Bernergarde database as well. 

There are many various health issues that can plague the breed. These can include bloat (GDV), autoimmune disorders, entropion/ectropion, cruciate injuries, von Willebrands, degenerative myelopathy, thyroid disorders, Addison’s disease, SAS, aseptic meningitis and PRA. 

Mental Health: 

Just like humans can struggle with mental health, so can Berners. Some lines can be prone to reactivity and anxiety that can affect their ability to navigate the world and situations they are unfamiliar with. Responsible breeders will ensure they are selecting individuals who represent strong mental character of the breed so as to increase the likelihood that the resulting offspring will share the same positive traits. An appropriate temperament of a Bernese Mountain Dog is self-assured, and steady especially when mature. Aloofness in the breed is acceptable and is distinctly different than shyness or fearfulness. 

What Health Testing Breeders Should Do: 

The breed standard of testing for any Bernese Mountain Dog comes from the Orthopaedic Foundation for animals as well as different parent clubs (BMDCC, BMDCO, BMDCA). 

Hips: Radiographic evaluation from the Orthopaedic Foundation for Animals done at no less than 2 years of age. Some people may breed based on passing preliminary radiographs done before 2 years of age, but should be repeated once the animal turns 2. Passing grades are Excellent, Good and Fair. 

Elbows: Radiographic evaluation from the Orthopaedic Foundation for Animals done at no less than 2 years of age. Some people may breed based on passing preliminary radiographs done before 2 years of age, but should be repeated once the animal turns 2. Passing grade is considered normal. 

Eyes: Eyes are examined by a board certified ophthalmologist. 

Hearts: Hearts are examined by a board certified cardiologist. 

von Willebrands and Degenerative Myelopathy: Assessed by DNA test. The test is used to make breeding decisions. Just because an animal is a carrier or at risk themselves does not mean they could not be properly incorporated into a reputable breeding program. 

Reputable breeders will post this testing in the Bernergarde database in order to ensure they are transparent. All tests entered in Bernergarde have to be verified by administrators. This ensures that no one can forge health clearances. 

Here is the link to the Bernergarde database where you can search for information on various dogs.